Shree Chitra Guptay Namah:
WHO are Kayasthas and what is their origin? Just as the Kshatriyas worship their arms and weapons on the occasion of Dasehra and the Vaishyas take out their bahis (cash-books) and khatas (ledgers) and venerate them on Divali, the Kayasthas, too, reverently place a pen and an ink-pot before their founder and patron deity Chitragupta on dooj (the 2nd day in the phase of the waxing moon), after Divali. They invoke his blessings to give them strength through the pen, considered mightier than the sword.
But where do the Kayasthas or the writing caste fit in the four-fold varna system of the Hindus?
It is said that Brahma, the Creator, having established the four varnas — Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra — ordained Dharamraj ( also called Yamraj, the god of death) to keep record of the deeds — good and evil — of all life-forms born and yet to be born on the earth, in the heavens above and in the lands below. Dharamraj, however, complained, "O Lord, how can I alone keep record of the deeds of the beings born into 84 lakh yonis (life-forms) in the three worlds?"
Brahma then closed his eyes, meditated for a while and lo and behold! there appeared a radiant figure with a quill-pen in one hand and an ink-pot in another. Brahma named him Chittagupta for he was conceived in his cognitive-self (chitta) and he was lying in Him, dormant and secret (gupta). He was born of Brahma’s body (kaya) and so the Lord decreed that his progenies be called Kayasthas. He was assigned to work as a minister, to write and record for Dharamraj. Thus, the fifth varna, the Kayastha, came into existence.
Sanskrit texts of yore tell us that Chittagupta married Irawati and Nandini. The 12 Kayastha sub-castes are traced to his 12 sons, eight by Irawati and four by Nandini. Mathurs, Gaurs, Bhatnagars, Saxenas, Ambhasths, Nigams, Karns and Kulshreshths became the descendants of the eight sons by Irawati, whereas Srivastavas, Suryadhwajs, Asthanas and Valmiks became the descendants of the four sons by Nandini. As time passed, the name Chittagupta got transformed into Chitragupta.
Some historians hold the view that during the reign of the Mughals, a number of Hindus who were were educated and endowed with sharp intellect attained administrative positions through rapid adaptation to the Persian language and culture of India’s new rulers. These influential Hindus got together and formed a new caste known as Kayastha.
Ancient Sanskrit texts dating back to the pre-Mughal period, though, have references to Kayasthas and Chitragupta. The Smriti of Yajnavalkya describes the Kayasthas as writers, scribes and village accountants. The Vishnu and Parashara Smritis have also similar references to them, describing them as ma
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The name Saxena is of Anglo-Saxon origin and came from when the family lived in the parish of Saxby in the counties of Lincolnshire and Leicestershire. The surname Saxena is an example of a habitation name which forms broad category of surnames that were derived from place names. They were derived from pre existing names for towns, villages, parishes or farmsteads. As a general rule the greater the distance between an individual and their homeland, the larger the territory they were named after. For example, a person who only moved to another parish would be known by the name of their original village, while people who migrated to a different country were often known by the name of a region or origin country from which they came.
Motto Translated: Let The Stone Be Firm.
1. REDIRECT [1]
For more information on the English origins please refer to- http://www.houseofnames.com/xq/asp.fc/qx/saxena-family-crest.htm (The above excerpt has been taken from the website- http://www.houseofnames.com)
Also many of the Saxenas migrated as to the Northern parts of India, especially to the today's state of Uttar Pradesh. And thus comes this Indian theory from the northern states: Kayasth- A name from one of the subgroups of the Kayasth community, whose subcaste is Saxena. According to Saxena tradition, their name is from Sanskrit Sakhasen friend of the army, a title awarded to them by the kings of Srinagar, India. Also one of the subcaste of Kayasth- the Mathurs ruled Mathura and Ayodhya(currently parts of Uttar Pradesh, India) for many centuries. And the Saxenas ruled over present Ujhani, Uttar Pradesh(India) and the surrouding areas for a long time. One of the sub-sub caste(Als) of these people were Shahi Plakhnawar which translates into "royal lineage". Their rule ended with the invasion of the Afghan Kings who later came to be known as the Nawabs of Rampur and later chose to assimilate into Pakistan when India got independence in 1947.
Surnames and Variants: Saxena, Bisaria, Johari. Thus Saxena comes under the caste Kshattriyas. Also some claims say that Kayasths whose sub caste is Saxena (in India only)comes under both Kshattriyas and Brahmins. As per Kayastha mythology, Saxena is one of the twelve sons of Lord King Chitragupta (record keeper of births & deaths)
In the sub continent of India the surname Saxena has different significance compared to its English origin mentioned above, but both have been part of the ruling class as such. There are still many families in the region who only intermarry between their sub castes or sub-sub castes to keep their racial purity and do not racially mix with the indigenous people of India-the Dravidians; a tradition which is unfortunately still prevalent in modern-day India and which will have to be broken if the nation seeks to progress towards being a developed country.